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Choice of recarburiser

The selection of a recarburiser always depends on the produced iron alloy. Ductile graphite iron (GGG / GJS), cast iron with vermicular graphite (CGI) and special steel grades require a low sulfur content.

For grey iron (GG / GJL) normally a recarburiser with a medium sulphur content is fully sufficient (see enclosed table). To determine the carbon content, at least one sample should be extracted from the molten iron for chemical analysis.

Chemical composition (typical values)

Type of recarburiserField of applicationProperties / Advantages / DisadvantagesSolubility 

1 – 6

Graphite – crystalline carbon   
High purity, synthetic raphite (i.e. Ultra High Power-E-Graphite)all iron alloysHigh C content, very good solubility, low N and H content1
Synthetic graphite
E-graphite graphitised
Petroleum coke
all iron alloysHigh C content, very good solubility, low S, N, ash content1
Natural graphiteiron alloys with an elevated tapping temperatureThe higher ash content results in a slower solubility, S and N content is generally low, varying analysis (depending on the storage facility)4
Coke – amorphous carbon   
Acetylene coke
Granular and pellets
all iron alloysHigh C content, slower solubility, low S, N content5
Low sulphur petroleum coke (Needle coke)all iron alloysHigh C content, good solubility, low S, N, ash content1
Medium sulphur petroleum cokegrey iron, steel casting and steel productionHigh C content, acceptable solubility2
High sulphur and nitrogen petroleum cokegrey iron and steel productionHigh C, S, N content, slower solubility with higher saturation levels3
Metallurgical Coke Breezesteel productionHigh ash content, requires high melting temperatures and a low C saturation of the molten metal6
Pellets   
Carbon pelletsall iron alloysHigh C content, with an elevated content of volatile matter, ideally suited for the base iron carburisation. Also suitable for rotary furnaces. Pellets are available with different chemical compositions4
Anthracite – amorphous carbon   
Electrically calcined anthraciteiron alloys with a high tapping temperatureThe higher ash content results in a slower solubility, S and N content depends on the storage facility5
Gas-calcined anthraciteiron alloys with a high tapping temperatureThe higher ash content leeds to a slower solubility. S and N content depends mainly on the geological deposit.5
Dried Anthraciteiron alloys with a high tapping temperatureSimilar to ECA and GCA, but with higher volatile components5

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